If you have diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that either hasn't gotten better with treatment (refractory), or that went away for a while and then came back (relapsed), it can be hard to decide what to do next. There's no single treatment that works best for everyone, and the choices are complicated.

Immunomodulators work with your immune system to fight the cancer, by either holding back or encouraging the activity of certain immune cells.

What Are Immunomodulators for Relapsed and Refractory DLBCL?

Some medications can be part of the first treatment you get. Others will only be prescribed after you've tried other therapies.

Several types of immunomodulatory drugs are used to treat relapsed and refractory DLBCL.

What Are Direct B-Cell Cytolytics?

Direct B-cell cytolytics are drugs that look for and attach to cancer cells, causing their destruction.

Learn more about direct B-cell cytolytics.

What Are Antibody-Drug Conjugates?

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are medications that help chemotherapy drugs reach cancer cells more directly, so they do less damage to healthy cells.

Learn more about antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

What Is CAR T-Cell Therapy?

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a type of treatment that teaches your immune system to attack the cancer cells.

Learn more about chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Bispecific T-Cell Engagers

Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are drugs that connect cancerous B cells with infection-fighting T cells.

Learn more about bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs).

Making a Treatment Decision

While your doctor will recommend a treatment plan, it's important for you to understand all the options so you can take part in the decisions about your cancer care. Here are five things to keep in mind.

Show Sources

SOURCES: 

Journal of Hematology & Oncology: "Therapeutic landscape of primary refractory and relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Recent advances and emerging therapies."

Cleveland Clinic: "Emerging Second- and Third-Line Treatments Improve Outcomes in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma," "Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma."

National Cancer Institute: "Immunomodulating Agent," "CAR T Cells: Engineering Patients' Immune Cells to Treat Their Cancers."

University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center: "T cells, B cells and the immune system."

American Cancer Society: "Immunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma," "CAR T-cell Therapy and Its Side Effects."

Rituxan.com.

Monjuvi.com.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network: "NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas, 2025."

ASCO Daily News: "Recommending Treatment for Patients With Relapsed DLBCL After CAR T-Cell Therapy."

Seminars in Hematology: "CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma; Why does it Fail?"

Journal of Clinical Medicine: "Bispecific Antibodies – A New Hope for Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma."

Cancer Support Community: "New Treatment Options for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma."