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Overview: Wintergreen oil is made from a plant called Gaultheria procumbens. Since it contains large amounts of methyl salicylate, it is not safe to take by mouth. Instead, it is used as aromatherapy and applied to the skin to help relieve minor aches and pains. Common side effects include redness, irritation, and burning. Before using wintergreen oil, tell your health care provider about any health conditions you have or medicines you are taking. In particular, tell your health care provider if you have an aspirin or salicylate allergy.

Uses

What is wintergreen oil used for?

Wintergreen oil is commonly used as aromatherapy and is also sometimes applied to the skin to help soothe minor aches and pains. Small amounts of wintergreen oil may be used as a flavoring agent.

Wintergreen oil contains methyl salicylate. Methyl salicylate is a common ingredient in many over-the-counter (OTC) products that are applied to the skin. Some examples include Tiger Balm products, Salonpas products, and Icy Hot products.

Note: As a food flavoring, wintergreen oil is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA. Learn more about GRAS status here. The FDA has not reviewed wintergreen oil for safety and effectiveness for other uses. Learn more about essential oils and aromatherapy here.

How does wintergreen oil work (mechanism of action)?

Wintergreen oil comes from a plant called Gaultheria procumbens. Wintergreen oil is an essential oil. It is made by heating up the leaves of the plant until certain chemicals, called volatile aromatic compounds, are released. These volatile aromatic compounds are made into wintergreen oil.

Due to its distinctive flavor and smell, wintergreen oil is commonly used as aromatherapy. It is also sometimes used as a flavoring agent in foods, drinks, chewing gum, and toothpaste. But most products that claim to have a wintergreen flavor do not actually contain wintergreen oil. Most are made with other flavoring agents that create a wintergreen-like flavor and smell.

Wintergreen oil is made almost entirely of a chemical called methyl salicylate. Although this chemical is related to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), it does not work exactly the same way. In fact, methyl salicylate is considered unsafe to take by mouth. Instead, this chemical is known to have pain-relieving effects when applied to the skin. As a result, it is used in many over-the-counter (OTC) creams, gels, and rubs that are applied to the skin to help soothe minor aches and pains. Most of these products contain pure methyl salicylate instead of wintergreen oil.

How should I store wintergreen oil?

You should store wintergreen oil according to the product label. Most dietary supplements should be kept in a cool, dry location that is out of the reach of children and pets and not in direct sunlight.

Side Effects

What are the most common side effects of wintergreen oil?

The most common side effects of applying wintergreen oil to the skin are redness, irritation, and burning. These side effects may vary depending on how you use it or the specific product you are using. Tell your health care provider if you have any of these side effects that bother you.

There may be other side effects of wintergreen oil that are not listed here. Contact your health care provider if you think you are having a side effect of a supplement. In the U.S., you can report side effects to the FDA at www.safetyreporting.hhs.gov or by calling 888-SAFEFOOD (888-723-3366). In Canada, you can report side effects to Health Canada at www.health.gc.ca/medeffect or by calling 866-234-2345.

What are the serious side effects of wintergreen oil?

While less common, the most serious side effects of wintergreen oil are described below, along with what to do if they happen.

Severe Allergic Reactions. Wintergreen oil may cause allergic reactions, which can be serious. Stop using wintergreen oil and get help right away if you have any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction.

  • Breathing problems or wheezing
  • Racing heart
  • Fever or general ill feeling
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
  • Trouble swallowing or throat tightness
  • Itching or skin rash
  • Bumps on the skin calledhives that can be red, pink, white, or brown depending on your skin tone
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Dizziness, feeling lightheaded, or fainting
  • Stomach cramps
  • Joint pain

Allergic Skin Reactions. Applying wintergreen oil to the skin can cause allergic skin reactions (contact dermatitis) in some people. Stop using any product that contains wintergreen oil and contact your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms of contact dermatitis.

  • Rash
  • Itching or burning
  • Blistering

Warnings & Precautions

Who should not use wintergreen oil?

Allergies to Ingredients. People who are allergic to any of the following should not use wintergreen oil.

  • Gaultheria procumbens
  • Methyl salicylate
  • Wintergreen
  • Any of the ingredients in the specific product

Your pharmacist can tell you all of the ingredients in the specific wintergreen oil products they stock.

What should I know about wintergreen oil before using it?

Wintergreen oil is available as aromatherapy and in products that are applied to the skin. It cannot be marketed to treat or cure a disease.

Read and follow the directions on the specific product you are using, or use it as recommended by your health care provider.

Keep wintergreen oil out of the reach of children and pets. Wintergreen oil can be toxic to children if accidentally taken by mouth. Applying wintergreen oil to the skin can also be toxic to infants and young children.

Wintergreen oil is for use on the skin only. Drinking wintergreen oil can cause serious health problems. Do not apply products that contain wintergreen oil to damaged or broken skin, such as cuts, scrapes, or wounds.

Keep wintergreen oil away from your eyes. If you get it in your eyes, wash them right away with water.

Pure wintergreen oil can be irritating to your skin. Before applying it to your skin, it should be mixed with another product. Most products recommend mixing one to three drops of wintergreen oil into at least one teaspoon (5 milliliters) of oil, cream, lotion, or shampoo. Follow the instructions on the product label.

Natural substances, such as wintergreen oil, contain various chemicals. The amount of each chemical in a specific wintergreen oil product can change for many reasons, including the area where the plant was grown, the weather during growth, the time of year when it was harvested, and the way the oil was prepared. If you switch to a new bottle or a different brand, you may not have the same effects or side effects because of this variability. Talk to your health care provider if you have questions or concerns.

The FDA has not tested wintergreen oil products to confirm that they contain the ingredients stated on their labels. There are no third-party organizations that test essential oils to confirm that they contain the ingredients listed on their labels and do not contain any harmful chemicals.

What should I tell my health care provider before using wintergreen oil?

Tell your health care provider about all of your health conditions and any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. Also tell them if you have an upcoming surgery planned. Sharing this information will help your health care provider know if this or other supplements are right for you.

In particular, make sure that you discuss any of the following.

Aspirin or Salicylate Allergy. Wintergreen oil contains large amounts of methyl salicylate. If you have an allergy to aspirin or salicylate, you may also be allergic to wintergreen oil. Speak to a health care provider if you are concerned that you may have an aspirin or salicylate allergy.

Asthma. Wintergreen oil contains large amounts of methyl salicylate. Some people with asthma are more likely to have a reaction to salicylates. This reaction may take the form of an asthma attack. If you have asthma, speak to a health care provider before using wintergreen oil.

Sensitive Skin. Wintergreen oil can cause skin irritation and skin reactions, especially in people who have sensitive skin. If you have sensitive skin, talk to your health care provider before using wintergreen oil.

Other Medicines and Supplements. Wintergreen oil may interact with other medicines and supplements. Before using wintergreen oil, tell your health care provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. See the Interactions section for more details.

Pregnancy. It is not known if or how wintergreen oil could affect pregnancy or harm a fetus. Tell your health care provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

Breastfeeding. It is not known if wintergreen oil passes into breast milk. But it is important not to allow your baby’s skin to come into contact with wintergreen oil. If you are applying wintergreen oil to your skin, wash the skin well or cover it with clothing before breastfeeding. You should also talk to your health care provider about using wintergreen oil if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.

Interactions

Does wintergreen oil interact with foods or drinks?

There are no known interactions between wintergreen oil and foods or drinks.

It is unknown if drinking alcohol will affect wintergreen oil.

Does wintergreen oil interact with medicines (drug interactions)?

Always tell your health care provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using.

In particular, make sure that you discuss if you are using any of the following before using wintergreen oil.

  • Aspirin, which is in many prescription and OTC products, including those for pain, swelling, and fever 
  • Methyl salicylate, which is found in many OTC products that are applied to the skin for minor aches and pains
  • A blood thinner, such as warfarin, which is a medicine used to treat or prevent blood clots

The interactions between wintergreen oil and medicines are not fully understood. As with most dietary supplements, the research on drug interactions with wintergreen oil is incomplete. Always check with your health care provider before using wintergreen oil with any medicines.

Overdose/Missed Dose

What should I do if I accidentally use too much wintergreen oil?

If you or someone else has used too much wintergreen oil, get medical help right away, call 911, or contact a Poison Control center at 800-222-1222.

Wintergreen oil is intended for use on the skin or as aromatherapy. Do not take wintergreen oil by mouth. Read the product label closely and speak to a health care provider about how to use wintergreen oil safely.