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Overview: Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) is a large tree used in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda). It is available as over-the-counter dietary supplements made from the stem bark. People have long taken arjuna for heart and blood vessel problems, such as chest pain (angina), heart failure, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The benefits of arjuna are not well defined, and evidence in humans is limited. It seems to be well tolerated. Before taking arjuna, make sure to tell your health care provider about any health conditions you have or medicines you are taking.

Uses

What is arjuna used for?

Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) is a tree used in traditional Indian medicine. The benefits of arjuna are not well defined. Some common reasons that people take arjuna include the following.

Note: The FDA has not reviewed arjuna for safety and effectiveness. Learn more about dietary supplements here.

How does arjuna work (mechanism of action)?

Arjuna is the common name for Terminalia arjuna, a large tree in the Combretaceae plant family. The stem bark is the part used to make supplements. The bark naturally contains many chemicals. The main ones studied are triterpenoids (such as arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, and arjungenin), flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides.

In laboratory and animal research, these chemicals have been studied for several effects on the heart and blood vessels. Flavonoids have been studied for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Antioxidants may help protect cells from damage. Glycosides have been studied for effects on the heart muscle, which means arjuna may change how strongly the heart pumps. In animal studies, arjuna bark has also been studied for lowering blood pressure, improving blood flow to the heart, and reducing the formation of blood clots. This may help explain why arjuna has traditionally been used for heart conditions.

The benefits of arjuna are not well defined. In a study on people with chronic heart failure, arjuna added to standard heart medicines did not improve the heart’s pumping strength. On a closer look at certain subgroups, some people showed improvements in exercise ability and quality of life, but these findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.

Herbal products, such as arjuna, naturally contain many different chemicals. The amounts of each chemical in a specific arjuna product may vary. Some, none, or all of these chemicals may have effects on the body. These effects may change depending on how much of each chemical is found in the product you are using.

How should I store arjuna?

You should store arjuna according to the product label. Most dietary supplements should be kept in a cool, dry location that is out of the reach of children and pets and not in direct sunlight.

Side Effects

What are the most common side effects of arjuna?

Arjuna seems to be well tolerated. Some people have reported mild stomach discomfort, nausea, constipation, or headache with use. But there is not enough research to know what the common side effects may be. Tell your health care provider if you have any side effects that bother you.

Contact your health care provider if you think you are having a side effect of a supplement. In the U.S., you can report side effects to the FDA at www.safetyreporting.hhs.gov or by calling 888-SAFEFOOD (888-723-3366). In Canada, you can report side effects to Health Canada at www.health.gc.ca/medeffect or by calling 866-234-2345.

What are the serious side effects of arjuna?

While less common, the most serious side effects of arjuna are described below, along with what to do if they happen.

Severe Allergic Reactions. Arjuna may cause allergic reactions, which can be serious. Stop taking arjuna and get help right away if you have any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction.

  • Breathing problems or wheezing
  • Racing heart
  • Fever or general ill feeling
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
  • Trouble swallowing or throat tightness
  • Itching or skin rash
  • Bumps on the skin called hives that can be red, pink, white, or brown depending on your skin tone
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Dizziness, feeling lightheaded, or fainting
  • Stomach cramps
  • Joint pain

Warnings & Precautions

Who should not use arjuna?

Allergies to Ingredients. People who are allergic to any of the following should not take arjuna.

  • Arjuna
  • Arjuna myrobalan
  • Arjun tree (or arjuna tree)
  • Kumbuk
  • Terminalia arjuna
  • White marudah
  • Any other plant in the Combretaceae family
  • Any of the ingredients in the specific product

Your pharmacist can tell you all of the ingredients in the specific arjuna products they stock.

What should I know about arjuna before using it?

Arjuna is a dietary supplement. It cannot be marketed to treat or cure a disease.

Arjuna is available in several forms. Common forms include capsules, tablets, dried bark powder, teas or decoctions, and liquid extracts. Read and follow the directions on the specific product you are taking, or take it as recommended by your health care provider.

If you take arjuna as a powder, follow the label to measure your dose. The label may give the dose as a certain number of grams or as a scoop or spoon size. The powder is often mixed into water, milk, or another liquid. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you are not sure how to measure your dose.

Arjuna has traditionally been used for heart conditions. Heart problems, such as chest pain, heart failure, or an irregular heartbeat, need to be checked and treated by a health care provider. Do not use arjuna in place of your prescribed heart care. Talk to your health care provider before taking arjuna, and do not stop any of your medicines unless your provider tells you to.

Keep arjuna out of the reach of children.

Some Ayurvedic products, including arjuna, have been found to contain harmful metals such as lead, mercury, or arsenic. Choosing products that have been tested by a third-party organization may help reduce this risk.

Herbal products, such as arjuna, naturally contain many different chemicals. The amount of each chemical in a specific arjuna product can change for many reasons, including the area where the plant was grown, the weather during growth, the time of year when it was harvested, and the way the plant was processed after being harvested. If you switch to a new bottle or a different brand, you may not have the same effects or side effects because of this variability. Talk to your health care provider if you have questions or concerns.

The FDA has not tested arjuna products to confirm that they contain the ingredients stated on their labels. Some dietary supplements have been tested by third-party organizations to confirm that they contain the ingredients listed on their labels and do not contain any harmful chemicals. Learn more about how to choose a safe dietary supplement product here.

What should I tell my health care provider before using arjuna?

Tell your health care provider about all of your health conditions and any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. Also tell them if you have an upcoming surgery planned. Sharing this information will help your health care provider know if this or other supplements are right for you.

In particular, make sure that you discuss any of the following.

Current and Past Health Conditions. Tell your health care provider if you have or have had any of the following.

Other Medicines and Supplements: Before taking arjuna, tell your health care provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. See the Interactions section for more details.

Pregnancy. It is not known if or how arjuna could affect pregnancy or harm a fetus. Tell your health care provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

Breastfeeding. It is not known if arjuna passes into breast milk. Tell your health care provider if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.

Interactions

Does arjuna interact with foods or drinks?

There are no known interactions between arjuna and foods or drinks. It is unknown if drinking alcohol will affect arjuna.

Does arjuna interact with medicines (drug interactions)?

Always tell your health care provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using so they can watch for any potential interactions.

Arjuna has been studied mainly for heart and blood vessel effects. There is a chance it could add to or change the effects of medicines used for the heart, blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood thinning. There is not enough research in humans to know if these interactions actually happen. Tell your health care provider about all of your medicines before taking arjuna, especially if you are using any of the following types of medicines.

  • A medicine for high blood pressure
  • A medicine for cholesterol
  • A blood thinner, which is a medicine used to treat or prevent blood clots
  • A medicine that affects your heart rate or rhythm
  • A medicine to prevent or treat chest pain related to heart disease

Iron Supplements or Medicines That Contain Iron. The tannins in arjuna may make it harder for your body to absorb iron. If you take iron, ask your health care provider if you should take it at a different time than arjuna.

The interactions between arjuna and medicines are not fully understood. As with most dietary supplements, the research on drug interactions with arjuna is incomplete. Always check with your health care provider before taking arjuna with any medicines.

Overdose/Missed Dose

What should I do if I accidentally use too much arjuna?

If you or someone else has used too much arjuna, get medical help right away, call 911, or contact a Poison Control center at 800-222-1222.

Arjuna is available as capsules, tablets, dried bark powder, teas or decoctions, and liquid extracts. Taking more than the amount listed on the product label does not improve results. Remember that arjuna is not a replacement for prescribed heart care, and you should not use it in place of your medicines.

Read the product label closely and speak to a health care provider about how to take arjuna safely. Do not take double or extra doses, even if you miss a dose.