Overview: Carob is a plant called Ceratonia siliqua, an evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean region. The pods (fruit) of the carob tree are dried and processed into powder, flour, gum, or extract for use as a dietary supplement or food ingredient. The seeds are used to make carob bean gum (also called locust bean gum). People take carob for cholesterol management, blood sugar control, digestive problems (such as diarrhea and acid reflux), weight management, and antioxidant support. Its benefits are not well defined for most of these uses. Carob appears to be well tolerated; rare side effects include allergic reactions such as hives, runny nose, or breathing problems, mainly in people who work with carob regularly. Before taking carob, make sure to tell your health care provider about any health conditions you have or medicines you are taking.
Uses
What is carob used for?
For most uses, the benefits of carob are not well defined. People commonly take carob for the following.
- Lowering cholesterol or abnormal blood lipid (fat) levels
- Lowering blood sugar levels
- Diarrhea
- Acid reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD) and other digestive problems
- Constipation
- Weight management or appetite control
- Antioxidant or anti-inflammatory support
Note: The FDA has not reviewed carob for safety and effectiveness. Learn more about dietary supplements here.
How does carob work (mechanism of action)?
Carob comes from the pod fruit of a tree called Ceratonia siliqua. This evergreen tree grows naturally around the Mediterranean Sea. Different parts of the tree (the pods, seeds, and leaves) are used to make carob products. The pods contain a lot of dietary fiber and natural plant chemicals called polyphenols. The seeds are used to make carob bean gum, which is another type of fiber.
Carob fiber may help lower cholesterol by binding to substances called bile acids and carrying them out of your body in your stool. When this happens, your liver needs to make more bile acids, and it uses cholesterol from your blood to do that. This process may lower your total cholesterol and LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels. The plant chemicals in carob may also slow down how much fat your intestines absorb.
Carob is used to help control blood sugar levels. Carob contains natural compounds that may block certain digestive enzymes, the proteins your body uses to break down carbohydrates (starches and sugars). When these enzymes are slowed down, carbohydrates are digested more slowly, which may help keep blood sugar from rising too quickly after a meal.
Carob is used for digestive health. The fiber in carob adds bulk in your intestine, which may help reduce diarrhea and keep bowel movements regular. Carob’s plant chemicals may also help reduce inflammation in the digestive tract, though more research in people is needed.
Carob is also used for weight management. Carob bean gum is a fiber that expands in your stomach. This may help you feel fuller after eating without adding many calories.
Overall, the benefits of carob are not well defined, and further human clinical studies are needed.
Herbal products, such as carob, naturally contain many different chemicals, such as polyphenols and galactomannan fiber. The amounts of each chemical in a specific carob product may vary. Different amounts of these active compounds may change the effects of carob on the body. Some carob dietary supplements are made to contain a certain amount of these substances.
How should I store carob?
You should store carob according to the product label. Most dietary supplements should be kept in a cool, dry location that is out of the reach of children and pets and not in direct sunlight.
Side Effects
What are the most common side effects of carob?
The most common side effects of carob are listed below. These side effects may vary depending on the dose you are taking or the specific product you are using. Tell your health care provider if you have any of these side effects that bother you.
Carob seems to be well tolerated in the amounts typically used as a food ingredient and in short-term use as a supplement. However, because carob is high in dietary fiber, some people may have digestive side effects, especially when starting or increasing their carob intake. Possible side effects include the following.
- Gas
- Stomach bloating or swelling of your stomach area
- Stomach discomfort
There may be other side effects of carob that are not listed here. Contact your health care provider if you think you are having a side effect of a supplement. In the U.S., you can report side effects to the FDA at www.safetyreporting.hhs.gov or by calling 888-SAFEFOOD (888-723-3366). In Canada, you can report side effects to Health Canada at www.health.gc.ca/medeffect or by calling 866-234-2345.
What are the serious side effects of carob?
While less common, the most serious side effects of carob are described below, along with what to do if they happen.
Severe Allergic Reactions. Carob may cause allergic reactions, which can be serious. Stop taking carob and get help right away if you have any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction.
- Breathing problems or wheezing
- Racing heart
- Fever or general ill feeling
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
- Trouble swallowing or throat tightness
- Itching or skin rash
- Bumps on the skin called hives that can be red, pink, white, or brown depending on your skin tone
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness, feeling lightheaded, or fainting
- Stomach cramps
- Joint pain
Low Blood Sugar. Because carob may lower blood sugar levels, there is a possible risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), especially if you are also taking medicines that lower blood sugar. Symptoms of low blood sugar include the following.
- Shakiness or trembling
- Sweating
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Confusion
- Fast heartbeat
- Hunger
- Headache
- Blurred vision
If you think your blood sugar is low, check it right away if you have a glucose meter. Follow the instructions from your health care provider for treating low blood sugar. Tell your health care provider if this happens.
Warnings & Precautions
Who should not use carob?
Allergies to Ingredients. People who are allergic to any of the following should not take carob.
- Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)
- Locust bean gum (carob bean gum)
- Any of the ingredients in the specific carob product you are using
Your pharmacist can tell you all of the ingredients in the specific carob products they stock.
What should I know about carob before using it?
Carob is a dietary supplement. It cannot be marketed to treat or cure a disease.
Read and follow the directions on the specific product you are taking, or take it as recommended by your health care provider.
Keep carob out of the reach of children.
Herbal Variability. Herbal products, such as carob, naturally contain many different chemicals. The amount of each chemical in a specific carob product can change for many reasons, including the area where the plant was grown, the weather during growth, the time of year when it was harvested, and the way that the plant was processed after it was harvested. If you switch to a new bottle or a different brand, you may not have the same effects or side effects because of this variability. Talk to your health care provider if you have questions or concerns.
Different Plant Parts. Carob supplements may be made from the pod pulp, pod extract, pod powder, seed (which provides carob bean gum), or leaf. Products made from different parts of the plant may have different amounts of active chemicals, and their effects and safety profiles may differ. Always check the product label to know which part of the plant is used.
Different Supplement Forms. Carob is available as a powder, flour, syrup, capsule, extract, and gum (locust bean gum). The fiber content and polyphenol levels can vary significantly between forms. Check with your health care provider or pharmacist about which form may be appropriate for your intended use.
The FDA has not tested carob products to confirm that they contain the ingredients stated on their labels. Some dietary supplements have been tested by third-party organizations to confirm that they contain the ingredients listed on their labels and do not contain any harmful chemicals. Learn more about how to choose a safe dietary supplement product here.
What should I tell my health care provider before using carob?
Tell your health care provider about all of your health conditions and any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. This will help them know if carob is right for you.
In particular, make sure that you discuss any of the following.
Current and Past Health Conditions. Tell your health care provider if you have or have had any of the following.
- Diabetes or prediabetes. Carob may lower blood sugar levels. If you are taking medicines for diabetes, your blood sugar may need to be monitored more closely.
- High cholesterol or other blood lipid problems. Carob may affect your cholesterol levels. Your health care provider may want to check your lipid levels while you are taking carob.
- Any food allergies, especially to legumes (such as peanuts, soybeans, or lentils)
Other Medicines and Supplements. Before taking carob, tell your health care provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using. See the Interactions section for more details.
Pregnancy. It is not known if or how carob supplements could affect pregnancy or harm a fetus when taken in amounts larger than those found in food. Tell your health care provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
Breastfeeding. It is not known if carob supplements pass into breast milk in amounts larger than those found in food. Tell your health care provider if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.
Interactions
Does carob interact with foods or drinks?
There are no well-known interactions between carob and foods or drinks.
It is unknown if drinking alcohol will affect carob.
Does carob interact with medicines (drug interactions)?
Always tell your health care provider about any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, herbal products, and other supplements you are using.
In particular, make sure that you discuss if you are using any of the following before taking carob.
Medicines for Diabetes. Carob may lower blood sugar and insulin levels. Taking carob together with a medicine for diabetes may have an additive effect and increase the risk of low blood sugar.
Cholesterol-Lowering Medicines. Carob may have additive effects when taken with cholesterol-lowering medicines. This combination may increase the blood lipid-lowering effect. If you take a lipid-lowering medicine, your health care provider may want to monitor your cholesterol levels more closely.
Medicines Taken by Mouth. Because carob is high in fiber, it may slow down how quickly your body absorbs other medicines you take by mouth. To help avoid this problem, take other oral medicines at least a few hours before or after taking carob, or check with your pharmacist.
The interactions between carob and medicines are not fully understood. As with most dietary supplements, the research on drug interactions with carob is incomplete. Always check with your health care provider before taking carob with any medicines.
Overdose/Missed Dose
What should I do if I accidentally use too much carob?
If you or someone else has used too much carob, get medical help right away, call 911, or contact a Poison Control center at 800-222-1222.
Carob is available in many forms, including powder, flour, syrup, capsules, and gum (locust bean gum). Animal studies have not found evidence of toxicity even at very high doses, and no serious overdose cases have been reported in humans. However, taking very large amounts may increase the risk of digestive side effects or low blood sugar, especially if you are taking medicines that lower blood sugar.
Read the product label closely, and speak with a health care provider about how to use carob safely. Do not take double or extra doses, even if you miss a dose.
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