Health A-Z Medical Reference

Genetically modified mosquitoes are created in a lab to stop the spread of certain diseases. Learn more about how they’re made, what they’re used for, and whether they might pose health risks to humans.

Find out how scapular dyskinesis disrupts normal shoulder motion. Learn about its common causes, signs, and treatment options to restore mobility.

Learn about pneumaturia, what conditions cause gas to appear in the bladder and be passed in the urine, and how these conditions can be treated.

Nosocomial infection is an infection you get in the hospital. Learn more about what causes it, symptoms of nosocomial infection, and more.

Find out why tears are salty, what tears are made of, and what they do for us.

The intertrochanteric area is where your hip and thigh meet. Learn more about the risk of fractures in this area, the symptoms of intertrochanteric fractures, treatment options, and more.

Sacral dimples are singles, while back dimples come in pairs in the lower back area. Learn what they can be signs of, what causes them, and more.

Learn more about how walking in the morning can be good for your heart health, energy levels, mental health, and more.

Learn more about waddling gait, including the causes, risks, and how it may affect health.

A stomach binder is a fitted cloth belt that is most commonly used to help with recovery after surgery. Learn more about why it’s used, pros and cons, and more.

Learn about reusing plastic water bottles, including the concerns, alternatives, and best practices.

Refrigerant poisoning happens when you ingest substances like freon. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition today.

The G6PD test is a blood test that measures the amount of G6PD enzyme in your blood. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for G6PD deficiency today.

Extensor tendonitis in the foot is when the extensor tendons of the feet have inflammation. Learn more about what causes it, symptoms of extensor tendonitis in the foot, and more.

Coagulation studies are used to test your blood's ability to form a clot. Learn more about how coagulation works and how these studies can help identify other potential health conditions.

Membranous nephropathy is a condition where your kidneys' filters don't do their job. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition today.

Learn what hyperviscosity is, what causes it, its symptoms, and how to treat it.

Marasmus is a type of malnutrition mainly seen in developing countries. Learn about the causes, symptoms, treatments, and more.

Learn what a fibrinogen blood test is, when you need to take it, how the test is performed, and more.

A retracted eardrum (tympanic membrane retraction) happens when the eardrum is pulled inward toward the middle ear, often due to pressure or dysfunction. Learn its causes, symptoms, and treatments.

Learn more about a thallium stress test, what to expect, what it measures, and what the results mean for your heart health.

Learn what the T3 test is and what its results mean when it comes to the health of your thyroid gland.

The periosteum is the membrane that surrounds your bones and protects them from injury. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition today.

Learn the difference between hypernatremia and hyponatremia.

Find out the differences between gram-positive bacillus and gram-negative bacillus and how they may affect health.

Learn more about the differences between hospitals and clinics, including the pros and cons of each.

Find out the differences between sex and gender — it’s not as complex as you might think.

A muscle biopsy is a simple procedure that helps to diagnose certain muscle diseases. Learn more about the procedure, what happens, and possible risks.

Trichomycosis is a skin infection that can appear anywhere hair grows. Learn more about trichomycosis and what you can do if you think you have it.

Find out what you need to know about pruney fingers, and learn the causes, treatments, and what they mean for your health.

Learn how nerve damage can cause claw hand deformity and other medical conditions of the hand.

Learn more about crepitus in your shoulders, including the causes, treatments, and how it may affect health.

Find out what you need to know about claw feet and discover the causes, treatments, and how they may affect health.

A broken sternum is a break in your breastbone. Learn about the causes, signs, potential complications, and ways to help your body recover.

Is it the flu or something else? WebMD explores conditions that can look like this respiratory illness.

Find out the differences between disinfectants and antiseptics, and discover the pros, cons, risks, and benefits, and how they may affect health.

Find out what you need to know about bruising after a blood test, how the blood test is performed, and how to care for your bruise at home.

A methylmalonic acid test is used to determine if you have a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Learn about the types of tests, what to expect, and more.

Urine cytology is a lab test to examine your urine cells under a microscope. Learn about when you need it, what to expect, and more.

Learn more about dislocated toes, what the symptoms are, and what to do about them.

Phalloplasty is surgical construction or reconstruction of the penis. Find out how it's done and how much it costs.

Find out what you need to know about an abdominal mass, and discover the causes, treatment, and how it may affect health.

Find out what you need to know about crackling in your ear and discover the causes, treatments pros, cons, risks, benefits, and how they may affect health.

Learn what hypernatremia is and how to prevent too much sodium in your blood.

Find out what you need to know about prophylactic antibiotics. Discover the pros, cons, risks, and benefits, and how they may affect health.

Learn everything you need to know about pathogens and how they may affect your health. Discover what the pros and cons are as well as the risks and benefits.

Learn what a vocal nodule is, including how to diagnose it, treatment with voice therapy, and more.

Find out what you need to know about the toxicity of polypropylene, and discover its pros, cons, and potential health risks.

What causes an adrenaline rush? This release of epinephrine or adrenaline typically occurs during a fight-or-flight situation.

A supracondylar fracture is when you fracture your humerus just above your elbow joint. Learn the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this type of fracture.